I AM HABIB UR REHMAN....GUYS TODAY I AM POSTING THIS TOPIC BECAUSE I HAVE LOST MY FRIEND HE COMMITTED SUICIDE LAST WEDNESDAY IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE THAT HE COMMITTED SUICIDE HE WAS FINE AND I THINK EVERYTHING WAS FINE OR I MIGHT BE WRONG...SO HERE IS MY HEARTIEST REQUEST TO ALL THE PARENTS TRY TO UNDERSTAND YOUR KIDS AND LISTEN TO THEM PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE....AND IF YOUR GIRLFRIEND HAVE CHEATED ON YOU THEN DO NOT COMMIT SUICIDE AS COWARD PEOPLE COMMIT SUICIDE SO THEY CAN RUN AWAY EASILY FROM HARD TIMES AND I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THE SAME THING FOR GIRLS OR WIVES PLEASE BEFORE COMMITTING SUICIDE JUST TRY TO TAKE OVER THE NEGATIVE POINTS THIS IS MY HUMBLE REQUEST AND ONE THING MORE THAT SUICIDE IS A VERY BIG SIN YOU WON'T BE FORGIVEN FOR THAT GREAT SIN....AND ALL THE PEOPLE PLEASE IF YOU HAVE ANY KIND OF PROBLEM OR DISEASE PLEASE DISCUSS IT WITH ME JUST ONCE I WILL GIVE YOU EXTREMELY SOLID SUGGESTIONS AND CAN TELL YOU ABOUT THE DISEASE AND ITS CURE HERBAL...SO MY DEAREST PEOPLE MY BROTHERS SISTERS MOMS AND DADS YOU WILL BE WELL COMED AS WELL THIS WORLD IS BEAUTIFUL JUST DUN GIVE UP TRY TRY AND TRY AND YOU WILL BE THERE IN DAYS I WISH MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALL THANKS IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS PLEASE POST THEM THANKS TAKE CARE
Saturday, 29 June 2013
Sunday, 3 February 2013
Famous Deserts Of The World
A
desert is a type of region or terrain on, Earth's surface which
receives very less rainfall compared to other regions. Deserts are
extremely dry regions with very little water around. In such extreme
climates there is very little plant and animal life.
Deserts are also classified as a type of ecosystem having its own plant and animal habitat. Deserts are one of the largest ecosystems of the world. Due to harsh climate in deserts, only some of the most unusual plants and animals can survive in such regions which are unique their respective desert areas.
Each continent has its own vast desert region covering a large area of the continent it is in. However each of these deserts have their own geology and climatic conditions unique from other.
Deserts are also classified as a type of ecosystem having its own plant and animal habitat. Deserts are one of the largest ecosystems of the world. Due to harsh climate in deserts, only some of the most unusual plants and animals can survive in such regions which are unique their respective desert areas.
Each continent has its own vast desert region covering a large area of the continent it is in. However each of these deserts have their own geology and climatic conditions unique from other.
People having fun with the Arabian Desert Safari.
Arabian Desert
The name ‘Arabian Desert’ refers
to a great desert region that covers almost all of the Arabian
Peninsula.
This desert is of subtropical type. It is stretched on the area of 2,300,000 square kilometers. The people living in this region are commonly Arabs with Arabic as their primary language.
On east it touches border of Oman, on northeast Persian Gulf, on north Syria, on south east Arabian Sea, on south Gulf of Aden, on northwest Jordan and red sea comes on west. Most of the part of this desert lies in kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
This desert is of subtropical type. It is stretched on the area of 2,300,000 square kilometers. The people living in this region are commonly Arabs with Arabic as their primary language.
On east it touches border of Oman, on northeast Persian Gulf, on north Syria, on south east Arabian Sea, on south Gulf of Aden, on northwest Jordan and red sea comes on west. Most of the part of this desert lies in kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The Saharan Desert
Sahara Desert
Sahara
is considered as the world’s largest desert. This desert belongs to the subtropical
type of deserts and lies in northern Africa. Sahara measures about 800-1200 miles from south to north
and about 3000 miles from west to east.
On north end of the desert lies the Atlas Mountains and Mediterranean Sea, on east end Red Sea, on south end a zone of ancient immobile sand dunes and on west it is the Atlantic ocean.
The area of this desert is about 3,500,000 square miles. This desert is as big as whole continent of Europe or United States and covers almost all of northern Africa.
On north end of the desert lies the Atlas Mountains and Mediterranean Sea, on east end Red Sea, on south end a zone of ancient immobile sand dunes and on west it is the Atlantic ocean.
The area of this desert is about 3,500,000 square miles. This desert is as big as whole continent of Europe or United States and covers almost all of northern Africa.
The Great Basin Desert
Great Basin Desert
Great basin is cold winter type
desert of North America. This desert is spread
over the area of 190,000 square miles.
It is bordered by Colombian plateau on the north, Sierra Nevada range on west, the Mojave Desert on south and Wasatch Mountains on east. This is the largest subdivision of basin and range province and it consists of the northern half of the province.
The desert in most noted for the drainage system. It has an internal drainage system; its precipitation is closed in the region and does not allow it to merge in sea. The Great Salt Lake also lies in this desert.
It is bordered by Colombian plateau on the north, Sierra Nevada range on west, the Mojave Desert on south and Wasatch Mountains on east. This is the largest subdivision of basin and range province and it consists of the northern half of the province.
The desert in most noted for the drainage system. It has an internal drainage system; its precipitation is closed in the region and does not allow it to merge in sea. The Great Salt Lake also lies in this desert.
Famous Plateaus In The World
- Famous Plateaus
Plateaus are in general referred to as the flat top mountains but by definition a plateau is defined as a large flat piece of land raised approximately more than 15000 feet above its surroundings.
The Gobi Desert
Gobi Desert
Desert covers northern and
northwestern part of China
and western part of Mongolia.
This region is fully deserted at many places while on other parts, it is semi
deserted.
Gobi desert has a notable part in history as it was a part of the Mongolian Empire. It also has many important cities along with Silk Road. The Himalayas stops clouds above Gobi which cause rainfall, that’s why it is known as rain shadow desert.
Its area forms an arc of about 500,002 square miles and is largest in Asia and third largest, after Sahara and Arabian Desert, in all deserts of the world. Gobi is not all sandy region; it includes bare mountains as well.
Gobi desert has a notable part in history as it was a part of the Mongolian Empire. It also has many important cities along with Silk Road. The Himalayas stops clouds above Gobi which cause rainfall, that’s why it is known as rain shadow desert.
Its area forms an arc of about 500,002 square miles and is largest in Asia and third largest, after Sahara and Arabian Desert, in all deserts of the world. Gobi is not all sandy region; it includes bare mountains as well.
Famous Mountains Of The World
- Famous Mountains
Nature is full of beauty, there are countless things around the world which remind us about the beauty of the world we live in. - Famous Skiing Mountains
When ever a skier thinks of getting a ski holiday booked for himself its the time and indication that winters are here.
The Karakum Desert
Karakum Desert
Karakum desert is also known as
Garagum in Turkmen and Karakumy in Russian.
This desert is in central Asia and covers about 70% area of Turkmenistan. As far as population is concern, this area has a population rate of one person per 2.5 square miles.
Rainfall in this region is as low as once in decade. It has Caspian sea, on its east side and on west there is an ancient valley of Uzboy river.
In south, it runs along the Kopet-Deg Mountain and in north side of the desert it is Amu Darya. Dryness of desert made the climate of whole region dry and hot. This is a cold winter type desert.
This desert is in central Asia and covers about 70% area of Turkmenistan. As far as population is concern, this area has a population rate of one person per 2.5 square miles.
Rainfall in this region is as low as once in decade. It has Caspian sea, on its east side and on west there is an ancient valley of Uzboy river.
In south, it runs along the Kopet-Deg Mountain and in north side of the desert it is Amu Darya. Dryness of desert made the climate of whole region dry and hot. This is a cold winter type desert.
The Thar Desert
Thar Desert
Great Indian Desert or Thar
Desert is on the border of India
and Pakistan.
In Pakistan, it covers the
area of Sindh and Lower Punjab where it adjoins the Cholistan Desert.
In India, this desert covers the state of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat. It has an area of 77000 squares of miles and stands on ninth rank in all world deserts.
This desert is a result of dryness cause by prevailing monsoon winds and insufficient amount of rain to keep the land moist.
In India, this desert covers the state of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat. It has an area of 77000 squares of miles and stands on ninth rank in all world deserts.
This desert is a result of dryness cause by prevailing monsoon winds and insufficient amount of rain to keep the land moist.
Famous National Parks
- Famous National Parks
Nature has blessed us with so many beautiful things and breathtaking sites. The whole Earth is filled with such diverse animal and plant life that till now, man hasnt completely figured out.
The Kalahari Desert
Kalahari Desert
Kalahari Desert covers parts of Namibia, South
Africa and a big part of Botswana. Kalahari is undulating
plain surface which is almost featureless.
This desert is about 3000 feet above the sea level. Geographically speaking the area has some portions of desert and plateau, lies in south of Africa.
The desert has an area of approximately 970,000 square miles spread over Botswana; Namibia which also touches some parts of Angola, Zimbabwe and Zambia.
Inhabitants of Kalahari deserts are mostly hunter-gatherer called Bushmen. Bushmen have lived in the Kalahari for more than 20000 years.
This desert is about 3000 feet above the sea level. Geographically speaking the area has some portions of desert and plateau, lies in south of Africa.
The desert has an area of approximately 970,000 square miles spread over Botswana; Namibia which also touches some parts of Angola, Zimbabwe and Zambia.
Inhabitants of Kalahari deserts are mostly hunter-gatherer called Bushmen. Bushmen have lived in the Kalahari for more than 20000 years.
The History of Everest
The
discovery of Everest, the highest mountain in the world, was the
crowning achievement of labors by geographers, surveyors, and explorers.
It was as demanding and complicated an achievement as the
mountaineering and logistical skills of those who eventually climbed it.
Both endeavors faced formidable obstacles – physical, psychological,
political, and technical – that often appeared insurmountable.
The early exploration of Everest involved the development
of measuring, mapping, and surveying techniques, which were employed by
many of the great 19th-century explorers to map the earth's
lesser-known regions, the terrae incognitae.
The culmination of these skills occurred in William
Lambton's Great Trigonometrical Survey of the Indian sub-continent. In
the 1830s, this was under the control of the Surveyor-General of India,
Sir George Everest, after whom the mountain was named. This scientific
endeavor provided an accurate geographical framework for a map of India,
which in turn unraveled the mysteries of the Himalayas and established
Mount Everest as the highest mountain in the world
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Friday, 1 February 2013
Amazon rainforest
The Amazon rainforest (PortuguThe Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin
of South America. This basin encompasses seven million square
kilometers (1.7 billion acres), of which five and a half million square
kilometers (1.4 billion acres) are covered by the rainforest. This
region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the
forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and it comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world.ese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin
of South America. This basin encompasses seven million square
kilometers (1.7 billion acres), of which five and a half million square
kilometers (1.4 billion acres) are covered by the rainforest. This
region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the
forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and it comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world.
Sydney Bridge and Sydney Opera House
Sydney's population is approaching five million, but it is easy to leave the frenetic urban pace behind with just a simple ferry ride to the North Shore for a bush walk, enjoy a stroll along the harbour beaches or take any one of a number of daytrips to explore the 'real' Australia on the doorstep.
Sydney is a dynamic city and visitors love its verve and vibrancy, its beautiful harbour and myriad waterways. From sailboats and ferry rides to fine dining at a harbourside restaurant or outdoor cafe, the soul of Sydney is the harbour. The city is also a wonderful base for touring the New South Wales countryside and beyond the city there are friendly country towns, national parks filled with extraordinary flora and fauna, and beautiful beaches up and down the coast.
Great Barrier Reef Travel Guide
The Great Barrier Reef is one of great
vacation destinations of the world and arguably the best loved scuba
diving and snorkeling experience on the planet. Not only is it so
popular for its expanse and natural splendour, but it also hugs the
coast of one of the world's friendliest places: sunny, tropical
Queensland. The Great Barrier Reef is divided into an 'inner' and
'outer' reef and covers an area of around 1,200 miles, made up of
countless reefs, coral cays and islands.
Must Visit Cape Townin in South Africa
Cape Town is the most popular
international tourist destination in South Africa due to its good
climate, natural setting, and relatively well-developed infrastructure.
The city has several well-known natural features that attract tourists, most notably Table Mountain, which forms a large part of the Table Mountain National Park and is the back end of the City Bowl. Reaching the top of the mountain can be achieved either by hiking up, or by taking the Table Mountain Cableway. Cape Point is recognised as the dramatic headland at the end of the Cape Peninsula. Many tourists also drive along Chapman's Peak Drive, a narrow road that links Noordhoek with Hout Bay, for the views of the Atlantic Ocean and nearby mountains. It is possible to either drive or hike up Signal Hill for closer views of the City Bowl and Table Mountain.Cape Town is noted for its architectural heritage, with the highest density of Cape Dutch style buildings in the world. Cape Dutch style, which combines the architectural traditions of the Netherlands, Germany and France, is most visible in Constantia, the old government buildings in the Central Business District, and along Long Street. The Artscape Theatre Centre is the main performing arts venue in Cape Town.Capetown is located on the extreme south west tip of South Africa, (it is 875 mls SW of Johannesburg, 1,050 mls SW of Durban and 475 mls W of Port Elizabeth. International airport is 12 mls E). It is to the north coast of the "hook" of the Cape of Good Hope, with the Atlantic to the west and False Bay, almost the start of the Indian Ocean, to the East.
The city has several well-known natural features that attract tourists, most notably Table Mountain, which forms a large part of the Table Mountain National Park and is the back end of the City Bowl. Reaching the top of the mountain can be achieved either by hiking up, or by taking the Table Mountain Cableway. Cape Point is recognised as the dramatic headland at the end of the Cape Peninsula. Many tourists also drive along Chapman's Peak Drive, a narrow road that links Noordhoek with Hout Bay, for the views of the Atlantic Ocean and nearby mountains. It is possible to either drive or hike up Signal Hill for closer views of the City Bowl and Table Mountain.Cape Town is noted for its architectural heritage, with the highest density of Cape Dutch style buildings in the world. Cape Dutch style, which combines the architectural traditions of the Netherlands, Germany and France, is most visible in Constantia, the old government buildings in the Central Business District, and along Long Street. The Artscape Theatre Centre is the main performing arts venue in Cape Town.Capetown is located on the extreme south west tip of South Africa, (it is 875 mls SW of Johannesburg, 1,050 mls SW of Durban and 475 mls W of Port Elizabeth. International airport is 12 mls E). It is to the north coast of the "hook" of the Cape of Good Hope, with the Atlantic to the west and False Bay, almost the start of the Indian Ocean, to the East.
Kangaroo Island
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Captain Matthew Flinders,
and his hungry crew members, discovered Kangaroo Island on 2 March
1802. They found no inhabitants but were compensated for this by the
discovery of what they needed most of all - fresh food! In his journal
Flinders recorded, 'the whole ship's company was employed this afternoon
in the skinning and cleaning of kangaroos. After four months' privation
they stewed half a hundredweight of heads, forequarters and tails down
into soup for dinner, on this and the succeeding days, and as much steak
given, moreover to both officers and men as they could consume by day
and night. In gratitude for so seasonable a supply, I named this south
land KANGAROO ISLAND'.
The human history of the island, which started many thousands of years
ago, is rich and colourful. At the same time it is also full of
suffering, endurance, privation, success, failure, courage and bravery.
Its Aboriginal occupation ended about five thousand years ago and was
not renewed until the early 1800's when escaped convicts, from New South
Wales and Tasmania, whalers and sealers kidnapped Aboriginal women from
the mainland and forced them to live with them on the island.
No sooner had Flinders left the island or it was visited,
circumnavigated and mapped, by the French Captain Nicholas Baudin who
named it L'Isle Decres. Kangaroo Island only just escaped being a French
colony!! A year later a group of American sealers, under command of
Captain Pemberton, arrived aboard the brig Union and established
themselves at what is now known as American River. They stayed for four
months to build their new ship and kill as many seals, for their skins,
as possible. The sailors sawed timber from the local pine trees near
Pelican Lagoon and carried out the first ship building enterprise in
South Australia. The first official settler at American River was Frank
Potts. This boat builder arrived in 1842 but eventually returned to the
mainland and established vineyards at Langhorne Creek.
When the Americans left in their 35 ton schooner Independence, Kangaroo Island remained a favourite hunting ground for this commodity and between 1806 and 1836 it was not only occupied by whalers and sealers for short periods but also permanently by runaway convicts, ship deserters, farmers and other settlers.
Among some of the earliest settlers were William Walker, who arrived in
1819 and George Bates who settled on the island in 1824. The first birth
recorded on the island was that of Mary Seymour in 1833. Here parents
were Nathaniel Walles Thomas and Betty, a full blooded Tasmanian
Aborigine.
These pre-colonial settlers made their living by hunting, fishing, skin
and salt trading and even growing some vegetables. A report of 1819
described the islanders as 'complete savages, living in bark huts,
clothed in kangaroo skins and smelling like foxes'.
A similar report was written by Major Lockyer in 1827. He wrote, 'The
lawless manner in which these sealing gangs are ranging about requires
some immediate measures to control them. From what I have learnt and
witnessed, they are a complete set of pirates going from island to
island along the southern coast, making occasional descents on the
mainland and carrying off by force females. The great scene of villainy
is at Kangaroo Island, where, to use the terms of one of them, a great
number of graves are to be seen, and where some desperate characters
are, many of them runaways from Sydney and Van Dieman's Land'.
For many years the island's white beaches were stained with the blood of
tens of thousands of whales, seals, kangaroos, wallabies and possums.
For a few years there was a whaling station at Point Tinline. Both the
seals and kangaroos were almost hunted to extinction. During Captain
George Sutherland's short stay on the island in 1819, more than 4500
seals and 1500 kangaroos were killed for their skins or meat. As late as
the 1950s seals were killed for shark bait. The Kangaroo Island Emu was
wiped out by the 1830s.
In his report to the South Australian Company
Sutherland wrote, 'This large island containing the finest pastures,
with timber suited for ship and house building, will afford secure
protection'. It was probably, among the whaling and sealing prospects, a
contributory factor in the settlement of the island by the company.
When Colonel William Light arrived on the brig Rapid
in August 1836, Dr John Woodforde recorded in his diary 'There must
have been a great mortality among the kangaroos on this Isle since
Flinder's time or he must have mistaken the wallaby for them as we have
not seen one and the sealers say there are none'.
One of the island's most famous and colourful charactors was Henry
Wallen, better known as 'The Governor'. He settled near Cygnet River in
1816 and was the first farmer in South Australia to raise a crop. With
the arrival of Captain Morgan on the barque Duke of York on 27
July 1836 at Kingscote, Wallen's governorship came to an end. It was
replaced by Samuel Stephens, manager of the South Australian Company.
Woodforde reported that Wallen had a farm about thirteen kilometres up
the river which 'does him great credit as he has several acres of
flourishing wheat and most of the English vegetables. He has also two
native wives'.
The South Australian Company had its money printed before arriving on Kangaroo Island.
When the Duke of York anchored at Nepean Bay, on 27 July 1836, the Beare
family of six were among its migrants. Thomas Hudson Beare, born at
Winchester England on 30 December 1792, his wife Lucy and children.
Within hours of arrival, their daughter Lucy Beare gave birth to a girl.
Sadly she died after only two days. When Lucy had another daughter a
year later, the daughter survived but Lucy died. Thomas Beare who died
on 6 November 1862 at Aldinga is buried at Myponga. His wife Lucy, who died on 15 September 1887 was interred at the North Road
Cemetery. The first settlement at Reeves Point lasted for nearly four
years when it was abandoned by the South Australian Company in favour of
Adelaide. However Kingscote survived, as did one of the Mulberry trees
planted in 1836 in the Company's garden.
The first school in South Australia was established on Kangoroo Island
by Captain Bromley who lived on the island until 19 May 1839. During
this time he instructed some twenty children under a tree until he had
built a hut for them. When appointed Protector of Aborigines he moved to
the mainland. Among Kangaroo Island's earliest industries, apart from
the whaling and sealing, were shipbuilding, salt harvesting, quarrying
and the production of eucalyptus oil.
The first of many shipwrecks, after official occupation of the island, was at Hog Bay Reef where the locally built William
sank in 1847. The first lighthouse in South Australia, at Cape
Willoughby, started operating in 1852. This was followed in 1858 by one
at Cape Borda, 155 metres above sea level and manually operated until
1989. Supplies for this lighthouse and its keepers were landed at Harvey's Return.
The Lighthouse at Cape Du Couedic was not started until 1909. The
materials for the building, and later the goods for the keepers, were
supplied from nearby Weirs Cove. At first they were carried 90 metres up
the cliffs until 1907 when a flying fox was used.
Since the sinking of the William, more than fifty shipwrecks have been
recorded around the island. The largest was the 5,800 ton Portland Maru
in 1935. It began taking water near Cape Du Couedic before finally
sinking at Cape Torrens.
Communications with the main land, which had been a problem, were vastly
improved when a start was made to connect the island with Normanville
via submarine cable. The project was started on 25 December 1875 and
completed in just six days. Later an overland line was constructed
connecting Kingscote with the Cape Borda Lighthouse on the western end
of Kangaroo Island. The system from Cape Borda to Adelaide was opened on
13 August 1876.
Several of the original early settlers are buried at Reeves Point and Penneshaw, which was known as Hog Bay until 1884
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50 facts about seas
50 key facts about seas and oceans
1. Oceans cover 70 percent of the Earth’s surface.
2. More than 90 percent of the planet’s living biomass is found in the oceans.
3. Eighty percent of all pollution in seas and oceans comes from land-based activities.
4. Forty percent of the world’s population lives within 60 km of a coast.
5. Three-quarters of the world’s mega cities are by the sea.
6. By 2010, 80 percent of people will live within 100 km of the coast.
7. Death and disease caused by polluted coastal waters cost the global economy US$12.8 billion a year. The annual economic impact of hepatitis from tainted seafood alone is US$7.2 billion.
8. Plastic waste kills up to one million sea birds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year.
9. Sea creatures killed by plastic decompose, the plastic does not. Plastic remains in the ecosystem to kill again and again.
10. Harmful algal blooms, caused by an excess of nutrients -- mainly nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers -- have created nearly 150 coastal deoxygenated “dead zones” worldwide, ranging from 1 to 70,000 sq km.
11. An estimated 21 million barrels of oil run into the oceans each year from street runoff, effluent from factories, and from ships flushing their tanks.
12. Over the past decade, an average of 600,000 barrels of oil a year have been accidentally spilled from ships, the equivalent of 12 disasters the size of the sinking of the oil tanker Prestige in 2002.
13. Oil tankers transport 60 percent (approximately 2,000 million tons) of oil consumed in the world.
14. More than 90 percent of goods traded between countries are transported by sea.
15. Each year 10 billion tons of ballast water is transferred around the globe and released into foreign waters.
16. Ballast water often contains species -- such as the zebra mussel and comb jellyfish -- that can colonize their new environment to the detriment of native species and local economies.
17. Pollution, exotic species and alteration of coastal habitats are a growing threat to important marine ecosystems, such as mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs.
18. Tropical coral reefs border the shores of 109 countries, the majority of which are among the world’s least developed. Significant reef degradation has occurred in 93 countries.
19. Although coral reefs comprise less than 0.5 percent of the ocean floor, it is estimated that more than 90 percent of marine species are directly or indirectly dependent on them.
20. There are about 4,000 coral reef fish species worldwide, accounting for approximately a quarter of all marine fish species.
21. The Great Barrier Reef, measuring 2,000 km in length, is the largest living structure on Earth. It can be seen from the Moon.
22. Reefs protect human populations along coastlines from wave and storm damage by serving as buffers between oceans and near-shore communities.
23. Nearly 60 percent of the world’s remaining reefs are at significant risk of being lost in the next three decades.
24. The major causes of coral reef decline are coastal development, sedimentation, destructive fishing practices, pollution, tourism and global warming.
25. Climate change threatens to destroy the majority of the world’s coral reefs, as well as wreak havoc on the fragile economies of Small Island Developing States.
26. Average sea level has risen between 10 cm and 25 cm in the past 100 years. If all the world’s ice melted, the oceans would rise by 66 meters.
27. Sixty percent of the Pacific shoreline and 35 percent of the Atlantic shoreline are receding at a rate of one meter a year.
28. The phenomenon of coral bleaching is a major threat to coral health. In 1998 some 75 percent of the world’s reefs were affected by coral bleaching. Sixteen percent died.
2. More than 90 percent of the planet’s living biomass is found in the oceans.
3. Eighty percent of all pollution in seas and oceans comes from land-based activities.
4. Forty percent of the world’s population lives within 60 km of a coast.
5. Three-quarters of the world’s mega cities are by the sea.
6. By 2010, 80 percent of people will live within 100 km of the coast.
7. Death and disease caused by polluted coastal waters cost the global economy US$12.8 billion a year. The annual economic impact of hepatitis from tainted seafood alone is US$7.2 billion.
8. Plastic waste kills up to one million sea birds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year.
9. Sea creatures killed by plastic decompose, the plastic does not. Plastic remains in the ecosystem to kill again and again.
10. Harmful algal blooms, caused by an excess of nutrients -- mainly nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers -- have created nearly 150 coastal deoxygenated “dead zones” worldwide, ranging from 1 to 70,000 sq km.
11. An estimated 21 million barrels of oil run into the oceans each year from street runoff, effluent from factories, and from ships flushing their tanks.
12. Over the past decade, an average of 600,000 barrels of oil a year have been accidentally spilled from ships, the equivalent of 12 disasters the size of the sinking of the oil tanker Prestige in 2002.
13. Oil tankers transport 60 percent (approximately 2,000 million tons) of oil consumed in the world.
14. More than 90 percent of goods traded between countries are transported by sea.
15. Each year 10 billion tons of ballast water is transferred around the globe and released into foreign waters.
16. Ballast water often contains species -- such as the zebra mussel and comb jellyfish -- that can colonize their new environment to the detriment of native species and local economies.
17. Pollution, exotic species and alteration of coastal habitats are a growing threat to important marine ecosystems, such as mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs.
18. Tropical coral reefs border the shores of 109 countries, the majority of which are among the world’s least developed. Significant reef degradation has occurred in 93 countries.
19. Although coral reefs comprise less than 0.5 percent of the ocean floor, it is estimated that more than 90 percent of marine species are directly or indirectly dependent on them.
20. There are about 4,000 coral reef fish species worldwide, accounting for approximately a quarter of all marine fish species.
21. The Great Barrier Reef, measuring 2,000 km in length, is the largest living structure on Earth. It can be seen from the Moon.
22. Reefs protect human populations along coastlines from wave and storm damage by serving as buffers between oceans and near-shore communities.
23. Nearly 60 percent of the world’s remaining reefs are at significant risk of being lost in the next three decades.
24. The major causes of coral reef decline are coastal development, sedimentation, destructive fishing practices, pollution, tourism and global warming.
25. Climate change threatens to destroy the majority of the world’s coral reefs, as well as wreak havoc on the fragile economies of Small Island Developing States.
26. Average sea level has risen between 10 cm and 25 cm in the past 100 years. If all the world’s ice melted, the oceans would rise by 66 meters.
27. Sixty percent of the Pacific shoreline and 35 percent of the Atlantic shoreline are receding at a rate of one meter a year.
28. The phenomenon of coral bleaching is a major threat to coral health. In 1998 some 75 percent of the world’s reefs were affected by coral bleaching. Sixteen percent died.
29. The Plan of Implementation
adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) calls for
a global marine assessment by 2004 and the development of a global
network of marine protected areas by 2012.
30. Less than one half of a percent of marine habitats are protected -- compared with 11.5 percent of global land area.
31. The High Seas -- areas of the ocean beyond national jurisdiction -- cover almost 50 percent of the Earth’s surface. They are the least protected part of the world.
32. Although there are some treaties that protect ocean-going species such as whales, as well as some fisheries agreements, there are no protected areas in the High Seas.
33. Studies show that protecting critical marine habitats -- such as warm- and cold-water coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves -- can dramatically increase fish size and quantity, benefiting both artisanal and commercial fisheries.
34. Ninety percent of the world’s fishermen and women operate at the small-scale local level, accounting for over half the global fish catch.
35. Ninety-five percent of world fish catch (80 million tons) is from near-shore waters.
36. More than 3.5 billion people depend on the ocean for their primary source of food. In 20 years, this number could double to seven billion.
37. Artisanal fishing communities, which harvest half the world’s fish catch, are seeing their livelihoods increasingly threatened by illegal, unregulated or subsidized commercial fleets.
38. More than 70 percent of the world’s marine fisheries are now fished up to or beyond their sustainable limit.
39. Populations of commercially attractive large fish, such as tuna, cod, swordfish and marlin, have declined by as much as 90 percent in the past century.
40. Governments at WSSD agreed, on an urgent basis and where possible by 2015, to maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield.
41. The WSSD Plan of Implementation calls for the elimination of destructive fishing practices and subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.
42. Government subsidies -- estimated at US$15 billion to US$20 billion a year -- account for nearly 20 percent of revenues to the fishing industry worldwide, promoting excess fishing capacity and encouraging over-fishing.
43. Destructive fishing practices are killing hundreds of thousands of marine species each year and helping to destroy important undersea habitats.
44. Each year, illegal longline fishing, which involves lines up to 80 miles long, with thousands of baited hooks, kills over 300,000 seabirds, including 100,000 albatrosses.
45. As many as 100 million sharks are killed each year for their meat and fins, which are used for shark-fin soup. Hunters typically catch the sharks, defin them while alive and throw them back into the ocean where they either drown or bleed to death.
46. Global by-catch -- unintended destruction caused by the use of non-selective fishing gear, such as trawl nets, longlines and gillnets -- amounts to 20 million tons a year.
47. The annual global by-catch mortality of small whales, dolphins and porpoises alone is estimated to be more than 300,000 individuals.
48. Fishing for wild shrimp represents 2 percent of global seafood but one-third of total by-catch. The ratio of by-catch from shrimp fishing ranges from 5:1 in temperate zones to 10:1 and more in the tropics.
49. Shrimp farming, too, is highly destructive. It causes chemical and fertilizer pollution of water and has been largely responsible for the destruction of nearly a quarter of the world’s mangroves.
50. Mangroves provide nurseries for 85 percent of commercial fish species in the tropics.
30. Less than one half of a percent of marine habitats are protected -- compared with 11.5 percent of global land area.
31. The High Seas -- areas of the ocean beyond national jurisdiction -- cover almost 50 percent of the Earth’s surface. They are the least protected part of the world.
32. Although there are some treaties that protect ocean-going species such as whales, as well as some fisheries agreements, there are no protected areas in the High Seas.
33. Studies show that protecting critical marine habitats -- such as warm- and cold-water coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves -- can dramatically increase fish size and quantity, benefiting both artisanal and commercial fisheries.
34. Ninety percent of the world’s fishermen and women operate at the small-scale local level, accounting for over half the global fish catch.
35. Ninety-five percent of world fish catch (80 million tons) is from near-shore waters.
36. More than 3.5 billion people depend on the ocean for their primary source of food. In 20 years, this number could double to seven billion.
37. Artisanal fishing communities, which harvest half the world’s fish catch, are seeing their livelihoods increasingly threatened by illegal, unregulated or subsidized commercial fleets.
38. More than 70 percent of the world’s marine fisheries are now fished up to or beyond their sustainable limit.
39. Populations of commercially attractive large fish, such as tuna, cod, swordfish and marlin, have declined by as much as 90 percent in the past century.
40. Governments at WSSD agreed, on an urgent basis and where possible by 2015, to maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield.
41. The WSSD Plan of Implementation calls for the elimination of destructive fishing practices and subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.
42. Government subsidies -- estimated at US$15 billion to US$20 billion a year -- account for nearly 20 percent of revenues to the fishing industry worldwide, promoting excess fishing capacity and encouraging over-fishing.
43. Destructive fishing practices are killing hundreds of thousands of marine species each year and helping to destroy important undersea habitats.
44. Each year, illegal longline fishing, which involves lines up to 80 miles long, with thousands of baited hooks, kills over 300,000 seabirds, including 100,000 albatrosses.
45. As many as 100 million sharks are killed each year for their meat and fins, which are used for shark-fin soup. Hunters typically catch the sharks, defin them while alive and throw them back into the ocean where they either drown or bleed to death.
46. Global by-catch -- unintended destruction caused by the use of non-selective fishing gear, such as trawl nets, longlines and gillnets -- amounts to 20 million tons a year.
47. The annual global by-catch mortality of small whales, dolphins and porpoises alone is estimated to be more than 300,000 individuals.
48. Fishing for wild shrimp represents 2 percent of global seafood but one-third of total by-catch. The ratio of by-catch from shrimp fishing ranges from 5:1 in temperate zones to 10:1 and more in the tropics.
49. Shrimp farming, too, is highly destructive. It causes chemical and fertilizer pollution of water and has been largely responsible for the destruction of nearly a quarter of the world’s mangroves.
50. Mangroves provide nurseries for 85 percent of commercial fish species in the tropics.
Space Facts
-
The Sun is over 300000 times larger than earth. More Sun facts
-
Halley’s Comet was last seen in the inner Solar System in 1986, it will be visible again from Earth sometime in 2061 (get your camera ready). More comet facts.
-
Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system with a surface temperature of over 450 degrees celcius.
-
Many scientists believe that an asteroid impact caused the extinction of the dinosaurs around 65 million years ago. More asteroid facts.
- The Solar System formed around 4.6 billion years ago. More Solar System facts.
- The Moon appears to have more craters and scars than Earth because it has a lot less natural activity going on, the Earth is constantly reforming its surface through earthquakes, erosion, rain, wind and plants growing on the surface, while the moon has very little weather to alter its appearance. More Moon facts.
- Saturn isn't the only ringed planet, other gas giants such as Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune also have rings, they are just less obvious.
- Footprints and tyre tracks left behind by astronauts on the moon will stay there forever as there is no wind to blow them away.
- In 2006, astronomers changed the definition of a planet. This means that Pluto is now referred to as a dwarf planet. Learn more dwarf planet facts.
- Because of lower gravity, a person who weighs 100kg on earth would only weigh 38kg on the surface of Mars.
-
The only planet that rotates on its side like a
barrel is Uranus. The only planet that spins backwards relative to the
others is Venus.
- Some of the fastest meteoroids can travel through the solar system at a speed of around 42 kilometres per second (26 miles per second). Check out more meteoroid facts or learn the difference between comets, asteroids and meteoroids.
-
The first man made object sent into space was in 1957 when the Russian satellite named Sputnik was launched.
- Jupiter's 4 biggest moons are named Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and Io. More Solar Syste
-
The Sun is over 300000 times larger than earth. More Sun facts.
-
Halley’s Comet was last seen in the inner Solar System in 1986, it will be visible again from Earth sometime in 2061 (get your camera ready). More comet facts.
-
Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system with a surface temperature of over 450 degrees celcius.
-
Many scientists believe that an asteroid impact caused the extinction of the dinosaurs around 65 million years ago. More asteroid facts.
- The Solar System formed around 4.6 billion years ago. More Solar System facts.
- The Moon appears to have more craters and scars than Earth because it has a lot less natural activity going on, the Earth is constantly reforming its surface through earthquakes, erosion, rain, wind and plants growing on the surface, while the moon has very little weather to alter its appearance. More Moon facts.
- Saturn isn't the only ringed planet, other gas giants such as Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune also have rings, they are just less obvious.
- Footprints and tyre tracks left behind by astronauts on the moon will stay there forever as there is no wind to blow them away.
- In 2006, astronomers changed the definition of a planet. This means that Pluto is now referred to as a dwarf planet. Learn more dwarf planet facts.
- Because of lower gravity, a person who weighs 100kg on earth would only weigh 38kg on the surface of Mars.
-
The only planet that rotates on its side like a
barrel is Uranus. The only planet that spins backwards relative to the
others is Venus.
- Some of the fastest meteoroids can travel through the solar system at a speed of around 42 kilometres per second (26 miles per second). Check out more meteoroid facts or learn the difference between comets, asteroids and meteoroids.
-
The first man made object sent into space was in 1957 when the Russian satellite named Sputnik was launched.
- Jupiter's 4 biggest moons are named Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and Io. More Solar System moon facts.
-
It is because of the Sun & Moons gravity that we have high & low tides.
- For a list of important space definitions take a look at our glossary of easy space and astronomy definitions for kids.
- moon facts.
-
It is because of the Sun & Moons gravity that we have high & low tides.
- For a list of important space definitions take a look at our glossary of easy space and astronomy definitions for kids.
50 THINGS EVERYONE
50 THINGS EVERYONE
SHOULD KNOW
(or 50 Completely Useless
Facts!)
The word "queue"
is the only word in the English language that is still pronounced the
same way when the last four letters are removed.
Beetles taste like apples, wasps like pine nuts,
and worms like fried bacon.
Of all the words in the English language, the
word 'set' has the most definitions!
What is called a "French kiss" in the
English speaking world is known as an "English kiss" in
France.
"Almost" is the longest word in the
English language with all the letters in alphabetical order.
"Rhythm" is the longest English word
without a vowel.
In 1386, a pig in France was executed by public hanging for the murder of a child
A cockroach can live several weeks with its head cut off!
Human thigh bones are stronger than concrete.
You can't kill yourself by holding your breath
There is a city called Rome on every continent.
It's against the law to have a pet dog in Iceland!
Your heart beats over 100,000 times a day!
In 1386, a pig in France was executed by public hanging for the murder of a child
A cockroach can live several weeks with its head cut off!
Human thigh bones are stronger than concrete.
You can't kill yourself by holding your breath
There is a city called Rome on every continent.
It's against the law to have a pet dog in Iceland!
Your heart beats over 100,000 times a day!
Horatio Nelson, one of England's most
illustrious admirals was throughout his life, never able to find a cure
for his sea-sickness.
The skeleton of Jeremy Bentham is present at
all important meetings of the University of London
Right handed people live, on average, nine
years longer than left-handed people
Your ribs move about 5 million times a year, everytime you breathe!
The elephant is the only mammal that can't jump!
One quarter of the bones in your body, are in your feet!
Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different!
The first known transfusion of blood was performed as early as 1667, when Jean-Baptiste, transfused two pints of blood from a sheep to a young man
Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails!
Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin!
The present population of 5 billion plus people of the world is predicted to become 15 billion by 2080.
Your ribs move about 5 million times a year, everytime you breathe!
The elephant is the only mammal that can't jump!
One quarter of the bones in your body, are in your feet!
Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different!
The first known transfusion of blood was performed as early as 1667, when Jean-Baptiste, transfused two pints of blood from a sheep to a young man
Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails!
Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin!
The present population of 5 billion plus people of the world is predicted to become 15 billion by 2080.
Women blink
nearly twice as much as men.
Adolf Hitler was a vegetarian, and had only ONE
testicle.
Honey is the only food
that does not spoil. Honey found in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs has
been tasted by archaeologists and found edible.
Months that begin on a Sunday will always have a "Friday the 13th."
Months that begin on a Sunday will always have a "Friday the 13th."
Coca-Cola would be green if colouring weren’t
added to it.
On average a hedgehog's heart beats 300 times a minute.
More people are killed each year from bees than from snakes.
On average a hedgehog's heart beats 300 times a minute.
More people are killed each year from bees than from snakes.
The average lead pencil will draw a line 35
miles long or write approximately 50,000 English words.
More people are allergic to cow's milk than any
other food.
Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand.
The placement of a donkey's eyes in its' heads enables it to see all four feet at all times!
Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand.
The placement of a donkey's eyes in its' heads enables it to see all four feet at all times!
The six official languages of the United
Nations are: English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish.
Earth is the only planet not named after a god.
It's against the law to burp, or sneeze in a church in Nebraska, USA.
You're born with 300 bones, but by the time you become an adult, you only have 206.
It's against the law to burp, or sneeze in a church in Nebraska, USA.
You're born with 300 bones, but by the time you become an adult, you only have 206.
Some worms will eat themselves if they can't
find any food!
Dolphins sleep with one eye open!
It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open
Dolphins sleep with one eye open!
It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open
The worlds oldest piece of chewing gum is 9000
years old!
The longest recorded flight
of a chicken is 13 seconds
Queen Elizabeth I regarded herself as a paragon
of cleanliness. She declared that she bathed once every three months,
whether she needed it or not
Slugs have 4 noses.
Owls are the only birds who can see the colour blue.
Owls are the only birds who can see the colour blue.
A man named Charles Osborne had the hiccups for
69 years!
A giraffe can clean its ears with its 21-inch tongue!
A giraffe can clean its ears with its 21-inch tongue!
The average person laughs 10 times a day!
An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain.
Scope of Astrology
The terrain of astrology and astrologers remains a bit shrouded in
mystery. Astrologers often fathom and tell about an individual to an
uncanny extent and some do well in quizzes etc. and even in live
cases. However, there is never a guarantee, never that near 100%
success that would seem to indicate that a 'technique' is involved.
Technique is always transferable to others. For basic astrology, yes
that is the case and there is definitely a technical aspect to
astrology. That is the absolute essential matriculation that no one
can get away with, slogging through! No short cuts, there, I am
afraid!
But then everyone seems to kind of part company and goes their own
slightly different ways. That is when sometimes 'claims' start
floating without demonstration. A veil of secrecy somehow falls on
some and cliques and silos form. Some silos grow but then begin to
form sub-silos and so on. The demonstrated performance of astrology
or astrologer, does not shine forth, though!
Astrology and astrologer it seems never matures! More often than not,
before the astrologer can mature into perfection, they find another
door that leads them to spiritual realities. This is fine, because I
have heard reputable astrologers state that that is the natural
course of things.
Someone please tell me that I am wrong and they have actually
experienced in their personal experience an astrologer, who was not a
divinator or spiritual yogi who just happened to be using astrology
as a launching pad. One who could really pick a chart and actually
see the nativity and his or her fate as it was written by the Scribe
Himself (or Herself or Itself...).
Astrology spans from the material to the immaterial and beyond. It is
claimed to capture in its essence the entire universe and more, and
all the realities that there are, some known others unknown. Past
liftimes and future lifetimes.
Even Einstein, it seems was a 'determinist'. He believed in
everything being fated! I had been reading a very interesting book
written by a quantum physicist, Kaku. The book is Parallel Worlds.
Brilliant guys these quantum physicists! Big E is quoted therein.
It deals with the possibilities of parallel universes and many other
subtle things that astrologers would really enjoy I think! There are
hints there to think about for us about karma and destiny and a model
that can be utilized to possibly explain or at least entertain why
this entire reality can be based on pure determinism and everything
being fated and yet make sense! This is one thing I have always
resisted against because if everything is fated, what is the point of
astrology and remedies and muhurtas and so on. But there could be
another much BIGGER framework which may actually make it all work!
And it also accommodates the extremely humble "I am nimitta matra,
Sai sabda khiyaal rakhdaa" point of view!
It also touches upon how Newtonian Reality and Quantum reality can
coexist and just be a manifestation of probability!
mystery. Astrologers often fathom and tell about an individual to an
uncanny extent and some do well in quizzes etc. and even in live
cases. However, there is never a guarantee, never that near 100%
success that would seem to indicate that a 'technique' is involved.
Technique is always transferable to others. For basic astrology, yes
that is the case and there is definitely a technical aspect to
astrology. That is the absolute essential matriculation that no one
can get away with, slogging through! No short cuts, there, I am
afraid!
But then everyone seems to kind of part company and goes their own
slightly different ways. That is when sometimes 'claims' start
floating without demonstration. A veil of secrecy somehow falls on
some and cliques and silos form. Some silos grow but then begin to
form sub-silos and so on. The demonstrated performance of astrology
or astrologer, does not shine forth, though!
Astrology and astrologer it seems never matures! More often than not,
before the astrologer can mature into perfection, they find another
door that leads them to spiritual realities. This is fine, because I
have heard reputable astrologers state that that is the natural
course of things.
Someone please tell me that I am wrong and they have actually
experienced in their personal experience an astrologer, who was not a
divinator or spiritual yogi who just happened to be using astrology
as a launching pad. One who could really pick a chart and actually
see the nativity and his or her fate as it was written by the Scribe
Himself (or Herself or Itself...).
Astrology spans from the material to the immaterial and beyond. It is
claimed to capture in its essence the entire universe and more, and
all the realities that there are, some known others unknown. Past
liftimes and future lifetimes.
Even Einstein, it seems was a 'determinist'. He believed in
everything being fated! I had been reading a very interesting book
written by a quantum physicist, Kaku. The book is Parallel Worlds.
Brilliant guys these quantum physicists! Big E is quoted therein.
It deals with the possibilities of parallel universes and many other
subtle things that astrologers would really enjoy I think! There are
hints there to think about for us about karma and destiny and a model
that can be utilized to possibly explain or at least entertain why
this entire reality can be based on pure determinism and everything
being fated and yet make sense! This is one thing I have always
resisted against because if everything is fated, what is the point of
astrology and remedies and muhurtas and so on. But there could be
another much BIGGER framework which may actually make it all work!
And it also accommodates the extremely humble "I am nimitta matra,
Sai sabda khiyaal rakhdaa" point of view!
It also touches upon how Newtonian Reality and Quantum reality can
coexist and just be a manifestation of probability!
Thursday, 31 January 2013
history of china wall
The history of the Great Wall is said to start from the Spring and
Autumn Periods when seven powerful states appeared at the same time. In
order to defend themselves, they all built walls and stationed troops on
the borders. At that time, the total length of the wall had already
reached 3,107 miles, belonging to different states.In 221 BC,
the Emperor Qin absorbed the other six states and set up the first
unified kingdom in Chinese history. In order to strengthen his newly
born authority and defend the Huns in the north, he ordered connecting
the walls once built by the other states as well as adding some sections
of his own. Thus was formed the long Qin's Great Wall which started
from the east of today's Liaoning Province and ended at Lintao, Gansu
Province.In the Western Han Dynasty, the Huns became more
powerful. The Han court started to build more walls on a larger scale in
order to consolidate the frontier. In the west, the wall along the Hexi
corridor, Yumenguan Pass, and Yangguan Pass was built. In the north,
Yanmenguan Pass and Niangziguan Pass in Shanxi were set up. Many more
sections of the wall extended to Yinshan Mountain and half of the
ancient Silk Road was along the Han's wall.The Northern Wei,
Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties all built their own sections but
on a smaller scale than the walls in the Han Dynasty. The powerful Tang
Dynasty saw peace between the northern tribes and central China most of
the time, so few wall sections were built in this period.
The Ming Dynasty is the peak of wall building in Chinese history.
The Ming suffered a lot by disturbances from minority tribes such as
the Dadan, Tufan and Nuzhen. The Ming court from its first emperor to
the last ceaselessly built walls in the north. The main line started
from Jiuliancheng near the Yalu River in the east to the Jiayuguan Pass
in the west and measured over 4,600 miles. Besides adding many more
miles of its own, the Ming emperors ordered enlargement of the walls of
previous dynasties into double-line or multi-line walls. For example,
out of Yanmenguan Pass were added three big stone walls and 23 small
ones. Eleven Garrisons were distributed along the main line of the wall.
The countless walls, fortresses, and watch towers made the country
strongly fortified. In the early Qing Dynasty, some sections of the
walls were repaired and several sections were extended. This great
engineering work stopped in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.Owing
to its long history, natural disasters and human activities, many
sections of the Great Wall are severely damaged and disappearing. Being a
world-famous engineering project and witness to the rise and fall of
Chinese history, the wall, needs us to take immediate action to protect
it!
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How to lose Weight quickly
1. GRAPE FRUIT DIET
The Grapefruit diet is a short-termed diet, which only lasts for a mere 2 ½ months. This diet can cause rapid weight loss and is highly popular among those who want to lose those extra pounds in a jiffy.
The grapefruit itself is such a healthy fruit. The fruit is known to contain literally no fat at all! It can help you to lose weight, as it is an energy-giving fruit. At the same time, it keeps your thyroid hormone well balanced and ensures a proper intake of fatty acids. It contains lots of potassium and is good for the heart. It however contains large amounts of vitamin C, antioxidants in the form of beta-carotene, sodium, and fiber.
Grapefruit diet may help people reduce their total calorie intake, but on the other side it may not be able to supply you with sufficient nutrients. In other words, the best way to a balanced diet is one that consists of all the essential nutrients.
It is best that you don’t eat much of anything, including grapefruits. The most ideal diet is one that is well balanced and well proportioned.
For instance, you can take a healthy helping of grapefruit, but do include other essential nutrients, which are not found in the fruit. Balance is the main key here. Do consult with your personal physician or dietitian before trying out on the Grapefruit diet.
The Grapefruit Diet weight loss plan is the ideal weight loss diet for real heavy weighters who need to lose lots of pounds. By following closely the Grapefruit diet, you would be able to lose 52 pounds within two and a half month!
However, several experts seem to say otherwise about the effectiveness of the grapefruit in its ability to cause weight loss. Some dietitians explained that the wonders of the grapefruit diet are simply myths and are not factual as these claims are not scientifically supported.
Some things are still left unexplained. For example, in the 1930’s, some claimed that the grapefruit’s enzyme would be able melt body fat. But yet, till today, no one can provide a concrete explanation on how it is made possible.
These counter allegations are not scientifically proven either. So, if you are on a grapefruit diet and it seems to be working well for you, it may be best for you to continue. After all, what matters is that a diet program works.
2. 3 Day Diet:
The 3-day diet is just another fad diet dating back to the 1980s. The 3-day diet is said to promote quick weight loss, lower cholesterol, cleansing and increased energy. The 3-day diet plan is a quick plan whereby you are entitled to eat only certain kinds of food in order to create a chemical reaction in your digestive system. This is so that it will boost the metabolism and hence causing our body to burn fat at a faster rate.
The 3-day diet is very specific and all you need to do is to adhere to it precisely. The portions must be eaten as specified and you must not overeat. If you fail to do otherwise, the 10-pound weight loss that you wish to achieve by the end of the 3-day diet would not be reached. Remember, at the same time, do not under-eat.
The 3-day diet goes as follows:
Breakfast: a piece of toast with 1 tablespoon of peanut butter, one half a grapefruit and coffee (no sugar)
Lunch: black coffee, a piece of toast and a can of tuna
Dinner: a cup of green beans, 3 ounces of chicken or lean meat, one cup of carrots, one cup of regular vanilla ice cream and one apple
The next 2 days of the diet follows on like the 1st day, even though the menus differ slightly. At Day 2, one specific change is recommended – Eat 2 beef franks for dinner instead of 3 ounces of lean meat. The author refuses to reveal the science supporting this change though!
There are set backs to the 3-day diet. Firstly, it is most likely that you would put back the weight you loss right after the 3rd day. Secondly, you might want to consider the effects the 3-day diet will have on your health. During the 3-day diet, you will experience low energy. This is simply because you are consuming only 600 calories, while the body actually requires more than this to go about daily!
The good thing to the 3-day diet is that it is very useful for anyone who wishes to loose those pounds quickly for a special upcoming event. It is the “easy” way out of the usual standard hard-core dieting. This diet also does not consist of any exercise regimen.
How the 3-day diet works is by reducing the “Water weight” of your body. This is simply done by concentrating your meals on fish and cutting out all carbohydrates intake. As said, the weight loss is just temporary for as soon as you resume with your normal diet, you will put the water weight back on!
The Grapefruit diet is a short-termed diet, which only lasts for a mere 2 ½ months. This diet can cause rapid weight loss and is highly popular among those who want to lose those extra pounds in a jiffy.
The grapefruit itself is such a healthy fruit. The fruit is known to contain literally no fat at all! It can help you to lose weight, as it is an energy-giving fruit. At the same time, it keeps your thyroid hormone well balanced and ensures a proper intake of fatty acids. It contains lots of potassium and is good for the heart. It however contains large amounts of vitamin C, antioxidants in the form of beta-carotene, sodium, and fiber.
Grapefruit diet may help people reduce their total calorie intake, but on the other side it may not be able to supply you with sufficient nutrients. In other words, the best way to a balanced diet is one that consists of all the essential nutrients.
It is best that you don’t eat much of anything, including grapefruits. The most ideal diet is one that is well balanced and well proportioned.
For instance, you can take a healthy helping of grapefruit, but do include other essential nutrients, which are not found in the fruit. Balance is the main key here. Do consult with your personal physician or dietitian before trying out on the Grapefruit diet.
The Grapefruit Diet weight loss plan is the ideal weight loss diet for real heavy weighters who need to lose lots of pounds. By following closely the Grapefruit diet, you would be able to lose 52 pounds within two and a half month!
However, several experts seem to say otherwise about the effectiveness of the grapefruit in its ability to cause weight loss. Some dietitians explained that the wonders of the grapefruit diet are simply myths and are not factual as these claims are not scientifically supported.
Some things are still left unexplained. For example, in the 1930’s, some claimed that the grapefruit’s enzyme would be able melt body fat. But yet, till today, no one can provide a concrete explanation on how it is made possible.
These counter allegations are not scientifically proven either. So, if you are on a grapefruit diet and it seems to be working well for you, it may be best for you to continue. After all, what matters is that a diet program works.
2. 3 Day Diet:
The 3-day diet is just another fad diet dating back to the 1980s. The 3-day diet is said to promote quick weight loss, lower cholesterol, cleansing and increased energy. The 3-day diet plan is a quick plan whereby you are entitled to eat only certain kinds of food in order to create a chemical reaction in your digestive system. This is so that it will boost the metabolism and hence causing our body to burn fat at a faster rate.
The 3-day diet is very specific and all you need to do is to adhere to it precisely. The portions must be eaten as specified and you must not overeat. If you fail to do otherwise, the 10-pound weight loss that you wish to achieve by the end of the 3-day diet would not be reached. Remember, at the same time, do not under-eat.
The 3-day diet goes as follows:
Breakfast: a piece of toast with 1 tablespoon of peanut butter, one half a grapefruit and coffee (no sugar)
Lunch: black coffee, a piece of toast and a can of tuna
Dinner: a cup of green beans, 3 ounces of chicken or lean meat, one cup of carrots, one cup of regular vanilla ice cream and one apple
The next 2 days of the diet follows on like the 1st day, even though the menus differ slightly. At Day 2, one specific change is recommended – Eat 2 beef franks for dinner instead of 3 ounces of lean meat. The author refuses to reveal the science supporting this change though!
There are set backs to the 3-day diet. Firstly, it is most likely that you would put back the weight you loss right after the 3rd day. Secondly, you might want to consider the effects the 3-day diet will have on your health. During the 3-day diet, you will experience low energy. This is simply because you are consuming only 600 calories, while the body actually requires more than this to go about daily!
The good thing to the 3-day diet is that it is very useful for anyone who wishes to loose those pounds quickly for a special upcoming event. It is the “easy” way out of the usual standard hard-core dieting. This diet also does not consist of any exercise regimen.
How the 3-day diet works is by reducing the “Water weight” of your body. This is simply done by concentrating your meals on fish and cutting out all carbohydrates intake. As said, the weight loss is just temporary for as soon as you resume with your normal diet, you will put the water weight back on!
Improve your brain health and performance
1) Cut Off the Noise
It may be obvious that distractions aren’t helping your focus, but do you actually cut them out? I’ll admit, it can be tempting to put the e-mail alerts on, turn on the IM and answer every request sent your way. But in the end it is only preventing you from concentrating.
Getting into a state of concentration can take at least fifteen minutes. If you are getting distracted every five, you can’t possibly focus entirely on your work. Answer your e-mails at scheduled times. Request that people don’t interrupt you when working on a big project. If you are required to answer phones and drop-in’s immediately, schedule work when the office is less busy.
2) Structure Your Environment
The place you work can have an impact on your ability to focus. Try to locate yourself so you are facing potential distractions such as doors, phones or windows. This way you can take a glance to assess sounds that would otherwise break your focus.
3) Clarify Objectives
Know what your goal is clearly before you start. If you aren’t sure what the end result is, the confusion will make it impossible to focus. Before I write any articles, I define the main focus of the article and get a brief mental picture of the structure. Unclear objectives often result in having to redo sections of work.
4) Divide Blobs
Big blobs of tasks that have no clear start or end point destroy focus. If you have a large project that needs work, clearly identify a path that you will use to get started working on it. If the sequence of actions isn’t obvious, it will be difficult to concentrate. Taking a few minutes to plan not only your end result, but the order you will complete any steps, can save hours in wasted thinking.
5) Know the Rules
Get clear on what the guidelines are for the task ahead. What level of quality do you need? What standards do you need to follow? What constraints are there? If you are writing a program, get clear on how much commenting you need, what functions you want to use and the flexibility required. If you are writing an article, decide on the length and style.
If the rules aren’t clear from the outset, you will slip out of concentration as you ponder them later.
6) Set a Deadline
Deadlines have both advantages and disadvantages when trying to force concentration. A deadline can make it easier to forget the non-essential and speed up your working time. If you give yourself only an hour to design a logo, you will keep it simple and avoid fiddling with extravagant designs.
Time limits have disadvantages when they cause you to worry about the time you have left instead of the task itself. I recommend using a deadline when:
- Time is limited. If you only have a day to complete work that could easily take weeks, chunking it into specific deadlines will strip away everything that isn’t crucial.
- It’s easy to lose sight of the bigger picture. If your task could easily expand to have new features or ideas, use a deadline to keep it under control.
- To avoid procrastination. A tight deadline can save you if you are worried about procrastinating.
7) Break Down Roadblocks
Roadblocks occur whenever you hit a tricky problem in your work. This can happen when you run out of ideas or your focus wavers. Break down roadblocks by brainstorming or planning on a piece of paper. Writing out your thought processes can keep you focused even if you might become frustrated.
8 ) Isolate Yourself
Become a hermit and stay away from other people if you want to get work done. Unless your work is based on other people they will only break your focus. Create a private space and refuse to talk to anyone until your work is finished. Put a sign on your door to steer away drop-ins and don’t answer your phone.
9) Healthy Body, Sharper Mind
What you put into your body affects the way you concentrate. Nobody would expect peak performance if they showed up drunk to work. But if you allow yourself to get chronic sleep deprivation, overuse stimulants like caffeine or eat dense, fatty foods your concentration will suffer. Try to cut out one of your unhealthy habits for just thirty days to see if there is a difference in your energy levels. I’ve found even small steps can create dramatic changes in my ability to focus.
10) Be Patient
Before I write an article, I often sit at my desk for a fifteen or twenty minutes before I put finger on the keyboard. During this time I feel a strong urge to leave or do something else. But I know that if I am patient, I’ll stumble upon an idea to write about and enter a state of flow. Without a little patience, you can’t take advantage of flow when it rushed through you.
If you need strong concentration I recommend periods of 90-120 minutes. Any less than that and you will waste too much time getting started before the flow can continue. More than this is possible to sustain focus, but you will probably benefit from a quick break.
analyze things
How can you change how you think and analyze things? How do you think and analyze things in different ways?
We all have our own way of thinking about things and analyzing them, to come to some kind of conclusion, decision, or other kind of result (or sometimes no result at all). Is it possible to change the way you think and analyze through things?
This has wide implementations, not only in abstract thinking like philosophy but also in everyday life and in conversations. Example: Let's say I want to increase my success rate in a certain skill. Thinking through how I would improve my performance, the first thing I'd think about is gaining more experience in it. Another way that some people think of first, is to start analyzing the skill from the ground up. What are the patterns that experts in this skill exhibit? Can we replicate them and take a shortcut?
These are two ways that you could think about something. My objective is to increase the number of ways I think about and analyze things.
My preliminary thinking (heh) in this thought that inquisition was one tried and true method in thorough analysis of something. So, in essence, one method of expanding your analytical thinking is to ask Why? and How? to things.
We all have our own way of thinking about things and analyzing them, to come to some kind of conclusion, decision, or other kind of result (or sometimes no result at all). Is it possible to change the way you think and analyze through things?
This has wide implementations, not only in abstract thinking like philosophy but also in everyday life and in conversations. Example: Let's say I want to increase my success rate in a certain skill. Thinking through how I would improve my performance, the first thing I'd think about is gaining more experience in it. Another way that some people think of first, is to start analyzing the skill from the ground up. What are the patterns that experts in this skill exhibit? Can we replicate them and take a shortcut?
These are two ways that you could think about something. My objective is to increase the number of ways I think about and analyze things.
My preliminary thinking (heh) in this thought that inquisition was one tried and true method in thorough analysis of something. So, in essence, one method of expanding your analytical thinking is to ask Why? and How? to things.
The Independent Thinker
Independent Thinkers like you are analytical and witty persons.
You are self-confident and do not let yourself get worked up by
conflicts and criticism. You are very much aware of your own strengths
and have no doubts about your abilities. People of your personality type
are often very successful in their career as they have both competence
and purposefulness. Independent Thinkers are excellent strategists;
logic, systematics and theoretical considerations are your world. You
are eager for knowledge and always endeavour to expand and perfect your
knowledge in any area which is interesting for you. Abstract thinking
comes naturally to you; scientists and computer specialists are often of
this type.
Independent Thinkers are specialists in their area. The development of your ideas and visions is important to you; you love being as flexible as possible and, ideally, of being able to work alone because you often find it a strain having to make your complex trains of thought understandable to other people. You cannot stand routine. Once you consider an idea to be good it is difficult to make you give it up; you pursue the implementation of that idea obstinately and persistently, also in the face of external opposition.
As an Independent Thinker, you are one of the introverted personality types. That is one of the reasons you prefer to work alone. This does not mean that you cannot be successful in a team, as well. For you, the task is most important and people who are involved come second. The contact with others, the necessity to adjust yourself to their daily changing sensitivities - all of it is just more gratuitous emotion that keep you from totally devoting yourself to those things that truly interest you: analyzing systems and policies, researching potentials for change, developing new ideas and implementing them in reality.
Here you differ from the second introverted Thinker type, the Analytical Thinker: You truly enjoy implementing your concepts and you enjoy the results. Therefore you should look for a work environment where you can accompany and expedite your ideas through to their conclusion. You consider difficult situations as challenges that really try your creativity and you frequently surprise people around you with genuinely incredibly bright ideas, rendering others speechless with their excellence. Your world consists of statistics, legitimacy, and systematics.
Considering all of this, your Thinker type is very praxis-oriented, and by no means lives on an intellectual ivory tower. You are not interested in theories not related to reality. As in chess, you are excellent at predicting the consequences of your methods in advance, and then choosing the appropriate alternative. Once you have made your decision on how to deal with a situation, you are totally willing to use your elbows and you don’t necessarily show any consideration for others. With that, you occasionally encounter resistance from other, less task-oriented colleagues that you quickly brush aside.
Your iPersonic Career Profile includes in-depth profiles of 70 careers that are best suited for your personality type. The iPersonic System system carefully selects those occupations from our database of more than 900 professions. Each career contains a graphical representation of the corresponding work environment. Your Career Profile will give you a whole new perspective on your career path.
Take the first step toward a happier and more fulfilling life
Independent Thinkers are specialists in their area. The development of your ideas and visions is important to you; you love being as flexible as possible and, ideally, of being able to work alone because you often find it a strain having to make your complex trains of thought understandable to other people. You cannot stand routine. Once you consider an idea to be good it is difficult to make you give it up; you pursue the implementation of that idea obstinately and persistently, also in the face of external opposition.
As an Independent Thinker, you are one of the introverted personality types. That is one of the reasons you prefer to work alone. This does not mean that you cannot be successful in a team, as well. For you, the task is most important and people who are involved come second. The contact with others, the necessity to adjust yourself to their daily changing sensitivities - all of it is just more gratuitous emotion that keep you from totally devoting yourself to those things that truly interest you: analyzing systems and policies, researching potentials for change, developing new ideas and implementing them in reality.
Here you differ from the second introverted Thinker type, the Analytical Thinker: You truly enjoy implementing your concepts and you enjoy the results. Therefore you should look for a work environment where you can accompany and expedite your ideas through to their conclusion. You consider difficult situations as challenges that really try your creativity and you frequently surprise people around you with genuinely incredibly bright ideas, rendering others speechless with their excellence. Your world consists of statistics, legitimacy, and systematics.
Considering all of this, your Thinker type is very praxis-oriented, and by no means lives on an intellectual ivory tower. You are not interested in theories not related to reality. As in chess, you are excellent at predicting the consequences of your methods in advance, and then choosing the appropriate alternative. Once you have made your decision on how to deal with a situation, you are totally willing to use your elbows and you don’t necessarily show any consideration for others. With that, you occasionally encounter resistance from other, less task-oriented colleagues that you quickly brush aside.
Do you agree with this analysis? This was just was just a tiny glimpse into your personal 90 page Career Profile.
We've redefined career assessment. The groundbreaking iPersonic
Personality System developed by psychologist Felicitas Heyne offers you
custom-tailored career advice instantly. Your Career Profile gives you
invaluable insight into your individuality, outlining your strengths
along with areas of relative weakness. In addition your iPersonic Career
Profile maps your behavioural style and core motivations to areas of
work and patterns of work which best accommodate your individual
make-up, giving you vital opportunity to reflect and make decisive
choices on your working life and career. Your iPersonic Career Profile includes in-depth profiles of 70 careers that are best suited for your personality type. The iPersonic System system carefully selects those occupations from our database of more than 900 professions. Each career contains a graphical representation of the corresponding work environment. Your Career Profile will give you a whole new perspective on your career path.
Take the first step toward a happier and more fulfilling life
10 ways to decorate your house
Home decorating can be a fun task that can let you have the freedom
of expressing yourself through your home in any way you want. Here are
50 ideas on how you can decorate your home for under 50 dollars.
1. The next time you are planning a party or a fun family dinner gathering why not dress your everyday dishes by adding pieces of another color or pattern from your collection.
2. Have you ever felt some part of your house small or tiny? Well there is no worrying now! Why not group mirrors on a wall to make a tiny room look and feel bigger. You can buy self-adhesive mirror tiles. You can buy the self adhesive
3. Rearrange things. Instead of a big seating area with the sofa agaisnt the wall, break up the room into two cozy sections.
4. Forgo store-bought flowers and compose your own arrangements, using branches with berries, leaves, stones and other natural gifts from your backyard.
5. Look around your house for an unused piece of fabric(like a big bold floral print) or a geometric quilt. Hang it on a dowel and mount it behind a bed to make an instant headboard. This creation was taken from Kim Myles, HGTV's Myles of Style. You can visit her website at: also you can read her blog to find out more about her and what she is up to at: and more about her television show
6. Tuck unexpected things in surprise places- like a ceramic animal under a table or a lush green plant on a small stool. Visit this website to get an idea on what you
7. For an easy bathroom update, buy two shower curtains and change it with the seasons. Try a sunny color in spring and a subdued hue in fall.
8. I did not know this before but i found out that every room in your house needs animal magnetism. You can add a zebra-print pillow or a cool awesome leopard-fabric-covered box.
9. Put together all the candlesticks you have- it doesn't matter if they match- and group them all together as a center piece on a table.
10. Make art from famuily mementos or souvenirs from a favorite trip. Frame a collage of postcards, stamps or your kids artwork. You can buy these box
1. The next time you are planning a party or a fun family dinner gathering why not dress your everyday dishes by adding pieces of another color or pattern from your collection.
2. Have you ever felt some part of your house small or tiny? Well there is no worrying now! Why not group mirrors on a wall to make a tiny room look and feel bigger. You can buy self-adhesive mirror tiles. You can buy the self adhesive
3. Rearrange things. Instead of a big seating area with the sofa agaisnt the wall, break up the room into two cozy sections.
4. Forgo store-bought flowers and compose your own arrangements, using branches with berries, leaves, stones and other natural gifts from your backyard.
5. Look around your house for an unused piece of fabric(like a big bold floral print) or a geometric quilt. Hang it on a dowel and mount it behind a bed to make an instant headboard. This creation was taken from Kim Myles, HGTV's Myles of Style. You can visit her website at: also you can read her blog to find out more about her and what she is up to at: and more about her television show
6. Tuck unexpected things in surprise places- like a ceramic animal under a table or a lush green plant on a small stool. Visit this website to get an idea on what you
7. For an easy bathroom update, buy two shower curtains and change it with the seasons. Try a sunny color in spring and a subdued hue in fall.
8. I did not know this before but i found out that every room in your house needs animal magnetism. You can add a zebra-print pillow or a cool awesome leopard-fabric-covered box.
9. Put together all the candlesticks you have- it doesn't matter if they match- and group them all together as a center piece on a table.
10. Make art from famuily mementos or souvenirs from a favorite trip. Frame a collage of postcards, stamps or your kids artwork. You can buy these box
Earthquake Safety Precautions
As unpredictable events of nature, earthquakes can cause much damage and
destruction and much loss of life. During an earthquake injury and
death to persons are usually caused by falling objects and collapsing
buildings. In order to minimize the impact that earthquakes can have it
is most important that safety precautions are observed and adhered to.
The following safety precautions take into consideration:
a. Before an earthquake.
b. During an earthquake.
c. After an earthquake.
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
1. Potential earthquake hazards in the home and workplace should be removed and corrected. Top-heavy furniture and objects, such as book cases and storage cabinets, should be fastened to the wall and the largest and heaviest objects placed on lower shelves.
2. Supplies of food and water, flashlight, a first-aid kit and a battery-operated radio should be set aside for use in emergencies.
3. One or more family members should have a working knowledge of first-aid measures because medical facilities nearly are always overloaded during an emergency or disaster, or may, themselves, be damaged beyond use.
4. All family members should know what to do to avoid injury and panic. They should know how to turn off the electricity, water and gas. They should know the locations of the main switch valves. This is particularly important for teenagers who are likely to be alone with smaller children.
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
1. The most important thing to do during an earthquake is to remain CALM. If you can do so then you are less likely to be injured. Also, those around you will have a greater tendency to be clam if you are calm.
2. Make no moves or take no action without thinking about the possible consequences. Any irrational movement may be an injurious one.
3. If you are inside stay there. Stand in a doorway or crouch under a desk or table, away from windows or glass fixtures.
4. If you are outside, stay there. Stay away from objects such as light poles, buildings, trees and telephone and electric wires, which could fall and injure you.
5. If you are in an automoblie, drive away from underpasses/overpasses, and stop in the safest place possible and stay there.
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
1. After an earthquake the most important thing to do is to check for injuries in your family and in the neighbourhood. Seriously injured persons should not be moved unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. First-aid should be administered, but only by someone who is qualified or has a working knowledge of first-aid.
2. Evacuate the building as soon as the shaking stops. Carefully inspect the exterior of the building for cracks in walls, shifted posts and pillars. If you see anything other than minor cracks do no re-enter the building until it has been inspected for safety by a professional.
3. Check for safety-hazards - gas, water sewage breaks; downed power lines and electrical short circuits, damaged and weakened buildings and foundations, fires and fire hazards.
4. Turn off appropriate utilities. Do not use matches, lighters or open flame, appliances or electrical switches until you are sure that there are no gas leaks.
5. Do not use the telephone except in extreme emergency.
6. Wear shoes and protective clothing, for example, hard hats and gloves, to avoid injuries while clearing debris.
7. Keep battery-operated radios and listen for emergency bulletins.
8. If electrical power is off for any length of time use the foods in your refrigerator and freezer before they spoil. Canned and dry foods should be saved for last.
9. Co-operate with all public safety and relief organizations. Do not go into damaged areas unless authorized by appropriate personnel.
10. Be prepared for additional earthquake shocks.
a. Before an earthquake.
b. During an earthquake.
c. After an earthquake.
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
1. Potential earthquake hazards in the home and workplace should be removed and corrected. Top-heavy furniture and objects, such as book cases and storage cabinets, should be fastened to the wall and the largest and heaviest objects placed on lower shelves.
2. Supplies of food and water, flashlight, a first-aid kit and a battery-operated radio should be set aside for use in emergencies.
3. One or more family members should have a working knowledge of first-aid measures because medical facilities nearly are always overloaded during an emergency or disaster, or may, themselves, be damaged beyond use.
4. All family members should know what to do to avoid injury and panic. They should know how to turn off the electricity, water and gas. They should know the locations of the main switch valves. This is particularly important for teenagers who are likely to be alone with smaller children.
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
1. The most important thing to do during an earthquake is to remain CALM. If you can do so then you are less likely to be injured. Also, those around you will have a greater tendency to be clam if you are calm.
2. Make no moves or take no action without thinking about the possible consequences. Any irrational movement may be an injurious one.
3. If you are inside stay there. Stand in a doorway or crouch under a desk or table, away from windows or glass fixtures.
4. If you are outside, stay there. Stay away from objects such as light poles, buildings, trees and telephone and electric wires, which could fall and injure you.
5. If you are in an automoblie, drive away from underpasses/overpasses, and stop in the safest place possible and stay there.
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
1. After an earthquake the most important thing to do is to check for injuries in your family and in the neighbourhood. Seriously injured persons should not be moved unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. First-aid should be administered, but only by someone who is qualified or has a working knowledge of first-aid.
2. Evacuate the building as soon as the shaking stops. Carefully inspect the exterior of the building for cracks in walls, shifted posts and pillars. If you see anything other than minor cracks do no re-enter the building until it has been inspected for safety by a professional.
3. Check for safety-hazards - gas, water sewage breaks; downed power lines and electrical short circuits, damaged and weakened buildings and foundations, fires and fire hazards.
4. Turn off appropriate utilities. Do not use matches, lighters or open flame, appliances or electrical switches until you are sure that there are no gas leaks.
5. Do not use the telephone except in extreme emergency.
6. Wear shoes and protective clothing, for example, hard hats and gloves, to avoid injuries while clearing debris.
7. Keep battery-operated radios and listen for emergency bulletins.
8. If electrical power is off for any length of time use the foods in your refrigerator and freezer before they spoil. Canned and dry foods should be saved for last.
9. Co-operate with all public safety and relief organizations. Do not go into damaged areas unless authorized by appropriate personnel.
10. Be prepared for additional earthquake shocks.
Impress Everyone Around You
28 Dignified Ways to Impress Everyone Around You
Here are 28 dignified ways to impress everyone around you. If you practice these tips on a regular basis, they won’t just impress others, they’ll help you become a better person too.
1. Be authentic. Be true to yourself. –
Judy Garland once said, “Always be a first rate version of yourself
instead
of a second rate version of somebody else.” Live by this
statement. There is no such thing as living in someone else’s shoes.
The only shoes you can occupy are your own.
If you aren’t being yourself, you aren’t truly living – you’re
merely existing. And ask yourself this: If you don’t like who you
really are, why should I like you?
2. Care about people. – If you don’t genuinely care about people, they won’t care about you. The more you help
others, the more they will want to help you. Love and kindness begets love and kindness. And so on and so forth.
3. Make others feel good. – People will rarely remember what you did, but they will always remember how you made them
feel.
4. Be honest and take ownership of your actions. – Nobody likes a liar. In the long-run, the truth always reveals
itself anyway. Either you own up to your actions or your actions will ultimately own you.
5. Smile often. – Everyone likes the sight of a genuine smile. Think about how you feel when a complete stranger
looks into your eyes and smiles. Suddenly they don’t seem like a stranger anymore, do they?
6. Respect elders. Respect minors. Respect everyone. –
There are no boundaries or classes that define a group
of people that deserve to be respected. Treat everyone with the
same level of respect you would give to your grandfather and the same
level of patience you would have with your baby
brother. People will notice your kindness.
7. Address people by their name. – People love the sight and sound of their own name. So make sure you learn to
remember names. Use them courteously in both oral and written communication.
8. Say “Please” and “Thank you.” – These two simple phrases make demands sound like requests, and they inject a friendly
tone into serious conversations. Using them can mean the difference between sounding rude and sounding genuinely grateful.
9. Excel at what you do. –
I am impressed by great guitarists, writers, bloggers, painters,
motivational speakers, internet
entrepreneurs, computer engineers, mothers, fathers, athletes, etc.
There is only one thing they all have in common: They excel at what
they do. There’s no point in doing something if
you aren’t going to do it right. Excel at your work and excel at
your hobbies. Develop a reputation for yourself, a reputation for
consistent excellence.
10.
Help others when you’re able. –
In life, you get what you put
in. When you make a positive impact in someone else’s life, you
also make a positive impact in your own life. Do something that’s
greater than you – something that helps someone else
to be happy or to suffer less. Everyone values the gift of
unexpected assistance and those who supply it.
11.
Put a small personal touch on everything you do. –
Think of it as
branding your work. If you’re funny, add a little humor into it.
If you’re an artist, decorate it with illustrations. Whatever you do,
customize it with a little personal touch
of ‘you.’
12.
Over-deliver on all of your promises. –
Some people habitually make
promises they are just barely able to fulfill. They promise
perfection and deliver mediocrity. If you want to boost your personal
value in the eyes of others, do the exact
opposite. Slightly under-sell your capabilities so that you’re
always able to over-deliver. It will seem to others like you’re
habitually going above and beyond the call of
duty.
13.
Get organized. –
How can you get anything accomplished if you aren’t
organized? You can’t. Make a regular habit of organizing your
living space and working space. For some practical organizational
guidance, I recommend David Allen’s Getting
Things Done
.
.
14.
Do your research and ask clarifying questions. –
Don’t be that
clueless dude in the room who just nods like he knows what’s going
on. Prepare yourself by doing research ahead of time. And if something
still doesn’t make sense to you, ask
questions. The people involved will respect your desire to
understand the material.
15.
Share knowledge and information with others. – When you can, be a
resource to those around you. If you have access to essential information, don’t hoard it. Share it openly.
16.
Be positive and focus on what’s right. –
Everything that happens in
life is neither good nor bad. It just depends on your perspective.
And no matter how it turns out, it always ends up just the way it
should. Either you succeed or you learn
something. So stay positive, appreciate the pleasant outcomes, and
learn from the rest. Your positivity will rub off on everyone around
you.
17.
Listen intently to what others have to say. –
Eyes focused, ears
tuned, mobile phone off. In a world that can’t move fast enough,
someone who can find time to listen to others is always appreciated.
18.
Be faithful to your significant other. –
Tiger Woods was everyone’s
hero until recently, wasn’t he? Sustained fidelity in a long-term
intimate relationship is not only impressive, it creates a healthy
foundation for everything else you do.
19.
Learn to appreciate and love Mother Nature. –
Those who truly
appreciate and love the natural world surrounding us typically
exhibit the same high regard for all humanity. It’s a positive way to
live, and it’s something people notice.
20.
Invest time, energy and money in yourself every day. –
When you invest
in yourself, you can never lose, and over time you will change the
trajectory of your life. You are simply the product of what you know.
The more time, energy and money you spend
acquiring pertinent knowledge, the more control you have over your
life and the more valuable you will be to everyone around you. For
fresh ideas on self improvement and lifestyle design, I
recommend The 4-Hour Workweek.
.
21.
Perform random acts of kindness on a regular basis. –
Pay for a
stranger’s coffee in line at Starbucks. Buy the office receptionist
flowers just to say, “Thank you.” Help an elderly lady with her
groceries. There’s nothing more rewarding
than putting smiles on the faces around you.
22.
Compliment people who deserve it. – Go out of your way to personally
acknowledge and complement the people who have gone out of their way to shine. Everybody likes to hear that their efforts are appreciated.
23.
Speak clearly and make eye contact. –
Most people have a very low
tolerance for dealing with people they can’t understand. Mystery
does not fuel strong relationships and impressiveness. Also, there’s
little doubt that eye contact is one of the most
captivating forms of personal communication. When executed
properly, eye contact injects closeness into human interaction.
24.
Make yourself available and approachable. –
If people cannot get a
hold of you, or have trouble approaching you, they will forget about
you. Your general availability and accessibility to others is
extremely important to them. Always maintain a
positive, tolerant attitude and keep an open line of communication
to those around you.
25.
Be self-sufficient. –
Freedom is the greatest gift.
Self-sufficiency is the greatest freedom. And self-sufficiency is
quite impressive too. In the business world, it’s one of the primary
dreams that inspire people to give-up
their day jobs to pursue entrepreneurship.
26.
Exploit the resources you do have access to. –
The average person is
usually astonished when they see a physically handicap person show
intense signs of emotional happiness. How could someone in such a
restricted physical state be so happy? The answer
rests in how they use the resources they do have. Stevie Wonder
couldn’t see, so he exploited his sense of hearing into a passion for
music, and he now has 25 Grammy Awards to prove
it.
27.
Be a part of something you believe in. –
This could be anything.
Some people take an active role in their local city council, some
find refuge in religious faith, some join social clubs supporting causes
they believe in, and others find passion in their
careers. In each case the psychological outcome is the same. They
engage themselves in something they strongly believe in. This
engagement brings happiness and meaning into
their lives. It’s hard not to be impressed by someone who’s
passionate about what they’re doing.
28.
Stand up for your beliefs without flaunting them. –
Yes, it is
possible to stand up for your beliefs without foisting them down
someone else’s throat. Discuss your personal beliefs when someone asks
about them, but don’t spawn offensive attacks of
propaganda on unsuspecting victims. Stand firm by your values and
always keep an open mind to new information
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